Denes Fact Sheet no.17:

COLITIS & DIARRHOEA

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Colitis and diarrhoea are both conditions of the bowel involving diarrhoea or loose motions and warrant different types of treatment depending on the cause and symptoms.

THE SIGNS & SYMPTOMS OF DIARRHOEA

Diarrhoea normally occurs as a result of upsets within the bowel, particularly the small intestine. This is the section of bowel directly after the stomach and is involved in the digestion and absorption of food.

Symptoms of diarrhoea can include:

A change in stool consistency - anything between soft and watery stools
A variation in the colour of the stools, including yellowish or clay coloured stools
An increase in the number of times that motions are passed
Stools which are foul smelling
The presence of blood (normally dark) in the stools

There are two types of diarrhoea, acute and chronic.

Acute diarrhoea occurs suddenly, only lasts a few days and is normally easy to clear up. However, some types of acute diarrhoea can be life threatening, especially those where blood is present. Causes of acute diarrhoea include:

Overeating
Sudden changes to diet
Consumption of food which is decaying or inappropriate
Bacterial infections
Viral infections
Stress
Allergic reactions to food components

Chronic diarrhoea is a long-term problem where there has been either a continual problem or where a problem keeps coming back. Causes of chronic diarrhoea include:

Malabsorption
Pancreatic disease
Overgrowth of bacteria within the bowel
Inflammatory bowel disease
Parasites

MANAGING DIARRHOEA

Animals with acute diarrhoea should be starved for 24 hours to allow the bowel to rest and repair itself. Then feed a bland diet that is easy to digest. Foods that are low in fibre and fat are ideal. Lean white meat, fish and cooked eggs are suitable. Rice is a good carbohydrate source to add, as it is very easy to digest.

It is important to avoid all milk and milk related products and rich foods like liver or other offal. Once things return to normal, gradually reintroduce the old diet over a few days.

If your cat or dog is prone to bouts of diarrhoea then you should consider changing the diet to one of the following recipes:

Dog foods - canned

Senior With Chicken, Lamb & Rice , which is low in fat
Senior With Turkey, Rabbit & Rice, which is low in fat
Adult - Original With Chicken & Tripe, which is easily digested

Dog food - dry

OPTIONS Sensitive Digestion Rich in Lamb and Rice

Cat foods - canned

Adult With Salmon & Tuna, which is easily digested and low in fat
Adult - Original With Chicken & Turkey With Rice, which is easily digested and low in fat
Older With Turkey & Lamb, which is low in fat

Cat food - dry

OPTIONS Healthy Skin Rich in Chicken & Turkey which is low in fat when measured on a dry matter basis

Cases of chronic diarrhoea can only really be treated after a diagnosis has been established. Special enzyme supplements will be needed if pancreatic insufficiency is diagnosed.

If a dietary allergy or dietary intolerance is suspected, then you will need to organise an exclusion diet to help eliminate the cause. Some of the more common allergens include wheat, beef, soya and dairy products although any food can become an allergen.

THE SIGNS & SYMPTOMS of COLITIS

The colon is the last part of the large intestine extending from the caecum to the rectum. Inflammation of the colon is referred to as colitis and is a relatively common condition in dogs. Colitis is far less common in cats.

Symptoms of colitis can include:

Stools containing mucus or jelly-like material
Small stools, which are passed frequently
Fresh blood in the stools
Diarrhoea or loose stools
Variable stool consistency, from complete liquid to solid or a mixture of both
More frequent passage of stools up to six times a day or more
Straining before, during and after stools are passed
Flatulence
Vomiting, fever, abdominal pain and weight loss in severe cases

CAUSES OF COLITIS

Colitis can affect dogs or cats of any age, although some breeds of dog are particularly prone to this condition.

Common causes include:

Food allergies or dietary intolerance to specific food ingredients
Stress
Parasites, including hookworm and whipworm

Many cases of colitis are idiopathic in origin, meaning that the exact cause cannot be identified.

MANAGING COLITIS

Once a diagnosis has been established, your vet may use a number of drugs to help control the symptoms. These include antibiotics and corticosteroids such as prednisolone. However, it is often possible to control the illness by other means.

DIETARY HELP

Diet is now recognised as being of major importance in the long-term management of colitis. The following types of diet are known to help:

High fibre diets

The extra fibre in foods of this type will help regulate the passage of food through the gut and control the level of water present in the faeces. The following Denes products may be useful:

Dog foods - canned

Low Calorie With Chicken and Liver
Senior With Chicken, Lamb & Rice
Senior With Turkey, Rabbit & Rice

Dog foods - complementary

Wholegrain Mixer
Wholegrain Baked Biscuits
Low Calorie Baked Biscuits

Alternatively, you can add extra fibre by adding bran flakes, oatmeal, wheatgerm or cooked lentils to any of our other canned recipes. For each 100 grams of food, add approximately 1 heaped teaspoon of fibre and mix in well.

Cats

Adding wheat bran or oat bran to the diet can help. All of the Denes cat recipes are suitable, excluding Kitten With Rabbit and Chicken. Aim to add approximately 1 level tablespoon per 400g can of food.

Highly digestible diets

Diets of this type leave a low stool volume, reducing faecal mass. Suitable Denes recipes include:

Dog food - canned

Adult - Original With Chicken & Tripe

Cat food - canned

Adult - Original With Chicken and Turkey

Low allergy diets

Many cases of colitis are caused by dietary intolerance or allergy to certain components or substances in the food. Occasionally, this may be due to food additives. The most common food allergens that affect dogs are wheat gluten and beef. Chicken or fish sometimes causes problems in cats.

The following Denes products may help where food allergies are suspected:

WHEAT GLUTEN FREE

Dog foods - canned / trays

Adult Tripe Mix Rich in Turkey
Senior With Chicken, Lamb & Rice
Senior With Turkey, Rabbit & Rice
Select Single Serve dog trays. All except Turkey & Vegetables

Dog foods - dry

Puppy-Growth Rich in Chicken & Rice
Denes OPTIONS Sensitive Digestion Rich in Lamb & Rice
Denes OPTIONS Healthy Skin Rich in Chicken with Turkey & Rice

Dog food - complementary

Wheat Gluten Free Baked Biscuits

Cat foods - canned / trays

Kitten With Rabbit & Chicken
Adult Original With Chicken & Turkey
Select Single Serve cat trays (all recipes)

Cat foods - dry

Denes OPTIONS Healthy Skin Rich in Chicken & Turkey With Rice
Denes OPTIONS Dental Care With Fresh Salmon & Rice

BEEF FREE

Dog foods - canned / trays

Senior With Chicken, Lamb & Rice
All Select Single Serve dog trays (except Beef & Heart)

Dog foods - dry

Puppy - Growth Rich in Chicken & Rice
Denes OPTIONS Sensitive Digestion Rich in Lamb & Rice
Denes OPTIONS Healthy Skin Rich in Chicken & Turkey & Rice

Cat foods - canned / trays

Adult With Rabbit & Chicken
Select Single Serve cat trays (all recipes)

Cat foods - dry

Denes OPTIONS Healthy Skin Rich in Chicken & Turkey With Rice
Denes OPTIONS Dental Care With Fresh Salmon & Rice

CEREAL FREE

Dog food - canned

Adult Tripe Mix Rich in Turkey

HERBAL REMEDIES for DIARRHOEA & COLITIS

In addition to dietary measures to help treat these conditions, herbal remedies can also be of value. The following products are useful:

Denes Garlic Tablets, which is a licensed herbal medicine. It is used to control the levels of bacteria in the gut by encouraging growth of friendly bacteria and inhibiting those which are not beneficial. It is a good remedy for helping with diarrhoea of any cause
Garlic also has some antispasmodic effect, helping relieve some of the tension in the bowel which arises during more severe colitis attacks
Denes Digestion Plus Tablets. This herbal supplement contains peppermint, marshmallow root, ginger, agrimony and kaolin to help soothe the lining of the bowel and firm up the stools
Denes Tranquil Tablets. This herbal supplement is useful where psychological stress is a factor. Valerian, one of the ingredients, is an antispasmodic, helping to relax the bowel where straining is present
Denes Probiotic+ Powder. The combination of probiotics and herbs in this supplement will help support and stabilise the bacteria within the bowel. It is a good remedy for all types of diarrhoea and colitis

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